Google wants to put AI data centers in space. Its “Suncatcher” project would run AI infrastructure in orbit on solar power. On October 1, an experimental satellite called “MVP” is set to launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, the New York Times reports. The “refrigerator-size satellite” was built and tested at Planet Labs in San Francisco. Google VP James Manyika says it should pack enough computing power to handle basic AI queries from orbit.

SpaceX and Blue Origin are also working on orbital data centers, but the hurdles are massive. Google manager Travis Beals estimates you’d need around 10,000 satellites to match a single 1-gigawatt data center on Earth. There’s no air in space for cooling, cosmic radiation can fry chips, and launch costs would have to drop to about $200 per kilogram before the math works out. Jeff Bezos thinks it could take up to 20 years before orbital data centers beat ground-based ones on cost.